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It molecular structure formula is shown in Figure 2-1, which is produced by the polymerization reaction between polyol and polyisocyanate. The polyol is a soft segment, and the isocyanate and chain extender are hard segments. Figure 1 shows the structure of PU molecular chain. Figure 1: Structure of PU molecular chain.
The fire protection of a fully equipped rechargeable energy storage system (REESS), including battery, housing, control electronics, etc., against a fuel fire must be tested
In this study, the flame retardancy of glass-fiber-reinforced polypropylene (PP-GF) tape laminates containing the flame retardant magnesium hydroxide and different GF amounts, as well as sandwich
Integration of safety and energy storage: Experimental study on thermal and flame-retardant properties of ammonium polyphosphate/polyvinyl
The DSC measurements indicated that the additives of flame retardant had little effect on the temperatures of phase change peaks and thermal energy storage property. The TGA results showed that the loadings of the EG and APP increased the temperature of the maximum weight loss and the charred residue of the PCM composites
The fire protection of a fully equipped rechargeable energy storage system (REESS), including battery, housing, control electronics, etc., against a fuel fire must be tested according to UNECE Regulation No. 100 Annex 8E -
Polypropylene (PP), one of five general-purpose plastics, is widely used in many fields. However, the intrinsic alkane structure of PP makes it relatively easy to burn, leading to limiting its scope of application. Here, this article reviews the most commonly flame retarding strategies used in PP matrices, including the flame-retardant
In the past decade, some studies have been reported on the 3D printing of energy storage devices (ESD) by using recycled thermoplastics (such as acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS), polyamide, etc.) through fused deposition modeling (FDM). But hitherto little has been reported on the development of recyclable and flame
Fig. 1 shows solid state 31 P NMR spectrum of PEG composite. There is only one peak occurs in this spectrum, showing the typical phosphamide structure, which was very stable during the sol–gel process in basic condition [32].The 31 P NMR peak value of PEG composite moved to upfield, leading to 14.7 ppm (compared with 17.6 ppm of 31
Borealis is a leading provider of innovative solutions in the fields of polyolefins and base chemicals. With its head office in Vienna, Austria, the company currently has around 6,800 employees and operates in over
Although the addition of flame retardants in PCMs was an efficient way [21], but the latent heat value of flame retardant PCMs deteriorated attributed to the dilution effect [22], [23]. Due to the good features like eco-friendly, suitable phase change temperature and large latent heat value, PEG has potential to be used as novel energy
Phosphates were in-situ encapsulated into robust polymer for solid-state flame-retardant electrolytes. Energy Storage Mater, 37 (2021), pp. 215-223 View PDF View article View in Scopus Google Scholar [24] B. Scrosati, F.
Abstract. Adding flame-retardant additives to electrolytes can significantly enhance the safety of lithium-ion batteries. To clarify the effects of flame-retardant additive dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) on electrolyte flammability under practical battery fire conditions, experimental studies are conducted on an electrolyte pool fire setup. It is
The form-stable composite energy storage developed in this study was produced by integrating a novel flame retardant phase change material formed of 90
Novel heat-storage and flame-retardant coatings were prepared by doped hydrated salt nano-capsules with EVA copolymers. Energy, 167 (2019), pp. 1031-1039, 10.1016/j.energy.2018.11.038 View PDF View article View in
A novel flame retardant PCM is prepared by phosphorus oxychloride and hexadecanol. • The phosphorus group enhances the char formation and improves the thermal stability. • This new strategy displays a superior energy storage efficiency compared to the •
In this study, phosphorus-modified hexadecanol is used as an energy storage medium for flame-retardant FSPCMs owing to its high latent heat and thermal stability [25]. It also exhibits a notable synergistic effect with an FR (1-oxo-4-hydroxymethyl-2,6,7-trioxa-l-phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; PEPA) and a carbon-forming agent
An innovative and facile chelation-deposition strategy to prepare FRPCMs with a bio-based flame retardant shell. Energy Storage Materials, Volume 6, 2017, pp. 46-52 Yuang Zhang, , Shufen Zhang Influence of intumescent flame retardant on
Exponential growth in demand for high-energy rechargeable batteries as their applications in grid storage and electric vehicles gradually spreads [1, 2] lithium metal batteries (LMBs) with liquid electrolytes (LE) are emerging as a powerful candidate for next-generation batteries due to their integration of high-nickel cathodes with lithium metal
Among the four flame retardant-modified GF/PP, IFR has the highest performance in mechanical properties, MULTI has a better Wang, G. Two Birds with One Stone: FeS2@C Yolk–Shell Composite for High-Performance Sodium-Ion
The loading mass fraction of the PEG-1000 of the flame-retardant wood-based composite PCMs is 53.1–73.4%, which shows that it has good energy storage performance. At the same time, the flame-retardant wood-based composite PCMs still have good cycle reliability after 100 heating-cooling cycles.
DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2024.110852 Corpus ID: 267583465 Integration of safety and energy storage: Experimental study on thermal and flame-retardant properties of ammonium polyphosphate/polyvinyl alcohol/modified melamine foam
In summary, this work presents a new idea for the development of leakage-proof PCMs with a bio-based flame retardant shell, and the fabricated FRPCMs created
Flame-retardant PP materials containing phosphorus-based (P) flame retardants. Data are extracted from the literature: cone calorimetry parameters (TTI, pHRR, THR), LOI, and
Effect of intumescent flame retardant on pyrolysis and phase change energy storage property of paraffin/polypropylene blends as form-stable phase change materials Author(s): Wang Gang, Guo Chuigen, Li Liping, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecule Design and Preparation of Flame Retardant Materials, Northeast Forestry University
In order to enhance the flame retardancy of intumescent flame retardant (IFR) in polypropylene (PP) using synergistic effects, a three-dimensional flower-like nickel cobaltate (NiCo2O4) was
Thermal stability, latent heat and flame retardant properties of the thermal energy storage phase change materials based on paraffin/high density polyethylene composites Renewable Energy, 34 ( 2009 ), pp. 2117 - 2123
This review summarizes the progress achieved so far in the field of fire retardant materials for energy storage devices. Finally, a perspective on the current state of the art is provided, and a future outlook for these fire-retardant materials, strategies, and new characterization methods is discussed.
Improvement in fire-retardant properties of polypropylene filled with intumescent flame retardants, using flower-like nickel cobaltate as synergist J. Mater. Sci., 56 ( 2020 ), pp. 2702 - 2716, 10.1007/s10853-020-05367-y
Research highlights Palmitic acid/silicon dioxide (SiO 2) composites with flame retardant as thermal energy storage materials were prepared using sol-gel methods. The melamine was added in the composites in order to improve flame retardant property of the composites. The composites solidify at 59.20 C with a latent heat of 60.55
Significantly, "jet fire" and leakage were suppressed in the thermal abuse test of high-energy NCM811||Graphite battery by using highly flame-retardant TD-GPE. Thus, the battery safety was greatly improved due to employing two flame retardants with different phosphorus valence states (+3 and + 5).
In order to improve the fire resistance, two selected flame retardants (FRs) were dispersed both in the EPDM core and in the NBR envelope. In this work, the combustion residues from cone calorimeter tests were analysed by various techniques to explain the combustion mechanisms and the interaction of FRs.
Herein, a novel flame-retardant gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) containing + 3 and + 5 phosphorus valence states of phosphorus structures was designed by in-situ
Fig. 1 illustrates the schematic diagram for the preparation of flame retardant energy storage transparent wood (TW/PEG/TEP). Sol. Energy, 255 (2023), pp. 146-156 View PDF View article View in Scopus Google Scholar [32]
Synthesis of a novel hybrid synergistic flame retardant and its application in PP/IFR Polymer Degradation and Stability (2011) G. Fang et al. Preparation and properties of palmitic acid/SiO 2 composites with flame retardant as thermal energy storage materials
PEG serves as a phase change energy storage material, while APP functions as a nitrogen‑phosphorus-based intumescent flame retardant. Through the process of freeze-drying, PVA is evenly coated on the MF foam skeleton, constructing a three-dimensional continuous framework characterized by nano-sized pores.
To demonstrate the extinguishing performance of the separator, combustion tests on separator (2 × 3 cm 2) were conducted. The PP separator burned in
An innovative and facile chelation-deposition strategy to prepare FRPCMs with a bio-based flame retardant shell. J. Energy Storage, 23 (2019), pp. 98-105 View PDF View article View in Scopus Google Scholar [40] G.R. Dheep, A. Sreekumar
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