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Upon charging, hydrogen interacts with a metal (M) and forms a metal hydride (MH x) at the negative electrode (as represented in Eq. (1)).The formation of the MH x results from hydrogen absorption by the M (i.e., the host material in Fig. 2 a), which is a multi-step process and can be electrochemically reversed (Section S2).
Description. Solar-Driven Green Hydrogen Generation and Storage presents the latest research and technologies in hydrogen generation through solar energy. With in-depth coverage of three key topics, the book discusses green hydrogen technologies, solid hydrogen storage, and hydrogen energy applications. The book begins with a deep
This chapter discusses the primary classification of nanomaterials and their applications in various renewable energy generation and storage, such as solar energy, hydrogen energy. View Show abstract
The applications of the NMSCN in energy especially in solar cells have taken an interesting dimension in the recent years with silicon based solar systems constituting over 90% of the market share. They have contributed to easy fabrication, low cost and higher efficiency solar cells.
The recent interest in the application of organic semiconductor colloids to photocatalytic hydrogen evolution has sparked the need for an assessment of the current state of this research field. Here, we showcase how the lessons learned from organic photovoltaics (OPV) research can be applied to new applications in the generation of
The photocatalytic synthesis of solar fuels such as hydrogen and methane from water and carbon dioxide is a promising strategy to store abundant solar energy in order to overcome its intermittency. Although this approach has been studied for decades using inorganic semiconductor photocatalysts, organic semiconductors have only recently gained
Apart from its application in photocatalysis, WO 3 has broad applications in sensors, high-temperature superconductivity, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), photoelectrochemical water splitting
Lianzhou Wang is Professor and Australian Research Council (ARC) Australian Laureate Fellow in School of Chemical Engineering, Director of Nanomaterials Centre (Nanomac), and Senior Group Leader of Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland. He received his PhD degree from Shanghai
The study presents a comprehensive review on the utilization of hydrogen as an energy carrier, examining its properties, storage methods, associated challenges, and potential future implications. Hydrogen, due to its high energy content and clean combustion, has emerged as a promising alternative to fossil fuels in the quest for
1. Introduction. Solar water splitting for hydrogen production is a promising method for efficient solar energy storage (Kolb et al., 2022).Typical approaches for solar hydrogen production via water splitting include photovoltaic water electrolysis (Juarez-Casildo et al., 2022) and water-splitting thermochemical cycles (Ozcan et al.,
Dihydrogen (H2), commonly named ''hydrogen'', is increasingly recognised as a clean and reliable energy vector for decarbonisation and defossilisation by various sectors. The global hydrogen demand is projected to increase from 70 million tonnes in 2019 to 120 million tonnes by 2024. Hydrogen development should also meet the seventh goal of
Photocatalytic splitting of water was carried out in a two-phase system. The efficiencies of different types of nanocrystalline semiconductors were investigated and compared with commercialised TiO2 nanopowder. Generated hydrogen was chemically stored by use of a quinoid system, which seems to be useable for fuel cells. Solar light sensitive
Delayed solar energy utilization in the dark was first developed by Fujishima and co-workers for anticorrosion applications with TiO 2 @WO 3. 1 V 2 O 5, Ni(OH) 2, WO 3, and ZnO were subsequently investigated for multi-photoelectron storage because of their diverse chemical states, which can reduce O 2 for bactericidal
Design and advances of semiconductors for photoelectrochemical water-splitting. Solar-Driven Green Hydrogen Generation and Storage, 2023, pp. 141-156. Sauvik Chatterjee, Clathrate hydrate as a potential medium for hydrogen storage application. Solar-Driven Green Hydrogen Generation and Storage, 2023, pp. 87-101.
Nanostructured semiconductors have been researched intensively for energy conversion and storage applications in recent decades. Despite of tremendous findings and achievements, the performance of the devices resulted from the nanomaterials in terms of energy conversion efficiency and storage capacity needs further
From the perspective of semiconductor applications beyond solar energy, there has been a growing global demand for clean, zero-carbon energy sources, as evidenced by the 94 million-tonnes hydrogen demand in 2021 [], as reported by the International Energy
Following recent developments in photoelectrochemical and photovoltaic–electrosynthetic systems, we present the benefits of III–V semiconductors
TiO 2 represents one of the most important semiconductor materials for PEC water splitting [6], [7].Due to its large band gap of about 3.2 eV, TiO 2 cannot absorb visible and infrared light for solar water splitting. Thus, doping of either metal or non-metal ions has been widely adopted to narrow the band gap of TiO 2 by introducing acceptor or
The operation of solar cells is based on the photovoltaic effect that is the direct conversion of incident light into electricity by a p – n (or p – i – n) junction semiconductor device. To guide the reader, let us first introduce the terminology used and treat the factors determining the power conversion efficiency.
MoS 2, transport properties are a function of charge transfer and current mobility. However, bulk MoS 2 shows weak phonon-assisted bandgap PL with negligible QY, which increase with decreasing layers. It has the unique ability to convert the MoS 2 semiconductor as n-type or as p-type depending on the doping element.
Solar-driven photoelectrochemical water splitting (SPWS) is considered a sustainable and clean strategy for hydrogen (H2) generation on a large scale. Semiconductors are
The use of solar energy for photocatalytic water splitting might provide a viable source for ''clean'' hydrogen fuel, once the catalytic efficiency of the semiconductor system has been improved by
Since the pioneering work for photodecomposition of water in the presence of Pt and TiO 2 electrodes under UV light done by Japanese scientists Fujishima and Honda in 1972 (Fig. 3 (a)) (Chi-Hung et al., 2012), many efforts have been demonstrated on various semiconductors such as metal oxides (Ismael et al., 2017,
Further developments will lead us to use hydrogen in large-scale energy storage, transportation fuel, and power-to-gas applications, thus providing a clean and viable energy source that can
Here, we showcase how the lessons learned from organic photovoltaics (OPV) research can be applied to new applications in the generation of solar fuels, such as in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Photovoltaics generated from organic semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) started with a power conversion efficiency at less than 0.01% in
The solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency of photocatalytic water splitting, however, has remained very low. Here we have developed a strategy to achieve a high STH efficiency of 9.2 per cent using
Other interesting applications of the chalcogenides are in energy storage and conversion especially in solar cells, lithium-ion batteries, hydrogen evolution reactions and photocatalysis [23]. The metal chalcogenide nanoparticles are sometimes more accessible for futher applications as they tend to correct most of the anomalies seen in
Photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) hydrogen evolution using semiconductor photoelectrodes under irradiation has been widely studied as one of the effective ways
With the rapid development of organic solar cells, there has been increasing attention towards their application in solar to hydrogen. Dual-junction cells
The study is expected to aid in the rational design of extremely effective organic semiconductors and g-C 3 N 4 hybrid catalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution applications. In the last few decades, many conventional photocatalyst materials have been made and shown to have superior photocatalytic efficiency.
Despite relatively short history, the utility of this class of materials has been already proven in different reactions and also in solar energy harvesting and storage. The achievements, even for researchers
Photocatalytic splitting of water was carried out in a two-phase system. The efficiencies of different types of nanocrystalline semiconductors were investigated and compared with commercialised TiO2 nanopowder. Generated hydrogen was chemically stored by use of a quinoid system, which seems to be useable for fuel cells. Solar light sensitive
Halogenation is one of the important branches for functionalization of organic porous semiconductors, such as in applications of gas storage and adsorption, energy conversion and catalysis [66, 67]. On the whole, there are two major ways to introduce halogen into organic porous: (1) in situ introduction and (2) post-treatment.
Inorganic semiconductor particles or electrodes combined with heterogeneous cocatalysts have been shown to act as artificial photosynthetic systems [4]. However, the current technologies have limitations, including insufficient solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency, a lack of highly active and selective cocatalysts, and inadequate
be directed in linking research with commercial applications • Hydrocarbon fuels can be produced using the solar-hydrogen of applications such as energy storage (Zhang et al., 2019
Solar hydrogen production through water splitting is the most important and promising approach to obtaining green hydrogen energy. Although this technology developed rapidly in the last two decades, it is still a long way from true commercialization. In particular, the efficiency and scalability of solar hydrogen production have attracted
Here, the authors develop an anticorrosion barrier that enables low-cost semiconductors for integrated solar fuel devices with 20.8% solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficiency.
Following recent developments in photoelectrochemical and photovoltaic–electrosynthetic systems, we present the benefits of III–V semiconductors for solar water splitting. In addition to their interesting light absorption and carrier transport properties, III–V alloys and multijunction structures enable the highest solar-to-hydrogen
Nature Catalysis - Photocatalytic water splitting with particulate semiconductors represents a promising strategy for the generation of hydrogen as a solar fuel. This review covers recent
We explore further scaling and gas handling of solar hydrogen production through photocatalytic water splitting with panel reactors that use photocatalyst sheets 3,13.
The hydrogen storage density of metal hydrides is larger (6.5H atoms per cm 3 for MgH 2) than that of hydrogen gas (0.99H atoms per cm 3) or liquid hydrogen (4.2H atoms per cm 3). 121 As a result, metal hydrides provide a secure, volume-efficient technique for onboard hydrogen storage for vehicle applications.
The detailed classification of band position of some typical semiconductor materials for degradation applications, water splitting and hydrogen production has been summarized in Fig. 4 (a) [39]. Obviously, Fe 3 O 4, BiVO 4 and WO 3 are visible light responsive photocatalysts for oxidation reactions, however g-C 3 N 4, CdS, Cu 2 O and
This section provides a detailed overview of three various configurations of PEC-MH setups that combine solar hydrogen production and storage with its
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